What makes 100.64.0.0/10 a special CGNAT range?
RFC 6598 reserves 100.64.0.0/10 for Carrier-Grade NAT use. It is not globally routable but ISPs use it on their inside networks instead of doubling-up on RFC 1918.
Why are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16 private?
RFC 1918 reserves these three ranges for private internal networks. ISPs and the internet backbone do not route them, so multiple organisations can use the same addresses internally.
Is 127.0.0.0/8 routable on a LAN?
No. The entire /8 is reserved for loopback. Hosts must drop any packet to or from 127.0.0.0/8 received on a non-loopback interface.
What are APIPA addresses used for?
169.254.0.0/16 (APIPA) is auto-assigned when DHCP fails. Two hosts on the same segment will pick addresses in this range and can still talk to each other — useful for diagnostics.