What makes 100.64.0.0/10 a special CGNAT range?
RFC 6598 reserves 100.64.0.0/10 for Carrier-Grade NAT use. It's not globally routable, but ISPs deploy it on their inside networks instead of doubling-up on RFC 1918.
Why are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16 private?
RFC 1918 reserves three ranges for private internal networks. ISPs and the internet backbone won't route them, so multiple organizations can reuse the same addresses without conflict.
Is 127.0.0.0/8 routable on a LAN?
No. The entire /8 is reserved for loopback. Hosts must drop any packet to or from 127.0.0.0/8 received on a non-loopback interface.
N9.254.0.0/16 (APIPA) kicks in when DHCP dies. Two machines on the same segment both grab addresses from this range and can still communicate — a lifeline for troubleshooting.